“According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics Personal...

â€Å"According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics Personal Fraud Survey 2010-11, an estimated total of 1.2 million Australians aged 15 years and over were victim of at least one incident of identity fraud in the 12 months prior to the survey interview..† (Afp.gov.au, 2014) Identity fraud is a type of fraud that involves illegally pretending to be somebody else for a beneficial gain. This can result in emotional and/or financial devastation. This is a very common legal issue facing Australian stakeholders, costing them a total of $1.4 billion AUD to date (Afp.gov.au, 2014). Identity theft has many consequences and issues that are involved with it. As a result of this, laws have been put in place just for identity theft. Different†¦show more content†¦This law states that any person can be affected by identity theft, the other person may be— living or dead; real or fictional; natural or corporate, as stated in the law. In present times, identity theft occurs much more virtually rather than physically making this a serious issue for those who aren’t familiar with technology (seniors etc.) â€Å"It is crucial that senior members of our community are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to use information and communications technologies (ICT) and have the necessary information to make informed decisions online and to become good digital citizens. It is clear that understanding how to navigate the cyber environment safely is an important element in the development of digital literacy.† (Australian Federal Police, 2012) Another law that refers to identity theft is the Criminal Code act 1995 section 131.1, which focuses more on a Commonwealth view. It states that a person is guilty of an offence (theft) if the person dishonestly appropriates property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of the property; and the property belongs to a Commonwealth entity. It also states the penalty for committing theft is a 10-year imprisonment sentence, showing the seriousness of the crime. Different stakeholder groups have been affected directly in Australia by identity theft online. A particular group are the government sectors. Government sectors are affected mostly by large,Show MoreRelatedAP Stats Mid Term Review Problem Set 13873 Words   |  56 Pagesbeen a better choice for displaying these data. ____ 3. Here are the IQ test scores of 10 randomly chosen fifth-grade students: 145 139 126 122 125 130 96 110 118 118 To make a stemplot of these scores, you would use as stems a. 0 and 1. b. 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14. c. 96, 110, 118, 122, 125, 126, 130, 139, and 145. d. 0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9. e. None of the above is a correct answer. ____ 4. If a distribution is skewed to the right, which of the following is true? a. 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Positive &Negative Aspects Mcdonaldized Hospitality &Tourism Industry

Question: Discuss about Positive And Negative Aspects Of The Mcdonaldized Hospitality And Tourism Industry In The 21st Century. Answer: Introduction Background of topic McDonaldization is considered as the process through which fast food restaurant principles dominate a various sector of society (Kellner, 1999). Ritzer had mentioned that McDonald is termed as the trademark or either the role model for different organizations of food supply for providing the quality and excellent food services to the customers (Lockwood, Medlik Muller, 2001). McDonaldization holds the common points that are linked with Taylorism that only bring changes in American culture, but even bring change in global culture. McDonaldization is also used in many organizations like kinder care, Toys R, USA Today, Bookstores, and many other companies (Lockwood, Medlik Muller, 2001). McDonald is famous due to its quality food and service, customer service, decisions, management techniques and business controllability. The five key factors on which the concept of McDonaldization relies predictability, efficiency, control, and calculability (Lockwood, Medlik Muller, 2001). Efficiency-this method is adopted through McDonald for the meeting the objective such as attaining high profit through spending less effort and budget (Hartley, 1995). The key point of enhancing the efficiency is depicting the interest that is beneficial for customers like a drive by food, serve on your own, and supermarkets, etc. Lastly, the customers do for themselves, which was earlier done by companies (Lockwood, Medlik Muller, 2001). Efficiency could be attained through maintaining the rules and regulations of the enterprise. Calculability- it is explained in the context of quantity in the context of items and services offered to the customers within the stipulated time. As per McDonaldization, the volume is considered as equal to the quality and the right way in that the services is offered by the customers (Lockwood, Medlik Muller, 2001). Predictability- McDonald provides the predictability with the tender to provide the similar items and services all-round the year (Bryman, 2004). Its a process to build the structured environment through quality services by the year. It mentions that the burger that is sold at the outlet in the UK need to have the similar taste while eating at the American store (Lockwood, Medlik Muller, 2001). The staff working in the company, and the one following the McDonaldization are predictable and follows the rules and regulations given by the enterprise (Ritzer, 1996). Control- Control is considered as the technique that follows the McDonaldization through which the employees are given pre-instructions to complete specific tasks, in which few are standing at the counter of cash and deals with the money and orders that are not made by selling the burgers, and there are few who make the burgers and are not permitted to stand at the counters of cash (Lockwood, Medlik Muller, 2001). This type of working of staff is monitored by the managers in particular stores (O'Neill, 1999). Organizations that make use of technology in the process of McDonaldization supports in serving the customers in a consistent way (Martin, 1991). Statement The theme statement of the essay is to analyse the positive and negative aspects of McDonaldization in the hospitality and tourism industry in the 21st century. Importance and core definitions McDonaldization is the rationalization process that is taken to the extreme level. Rationalization is referred as the sociological term, which implies the substitution of logical consistency for the traditional rules and regulations (Ytreberg, 2001). On the essential aspect of the McDonaldization is that all the tasks could be rationalized (Poynter, 2002). Discussion/Analysis Critical analysis of the positive and negative aspects of the McDonaldized hospitality and tourism industry in the 21st Century The basic picture drawn through various travel authors is that people think to go and experience something that is quite ordinary and gains tourism experience to some degree, which covers up the features that try to generate the tourist gazes, which is variant from the day to day experiences left by the tourism. Ytreberg (2001) argues that despite for searching strange things, various other components of the tourist experience production might go familiar to the visitor, to make them feel comfortable (Ytreberg, 2001). The combination of known and familiar along with unknown and unfamiliar within the society is related to Ritzer and Liska; that is named as McDonaldization, and the same is attained through the modern viewpoint, that is McDonaldization of society (Yeganeh, 2011). George Ritzer mentions that the world is becoming increasingly more calculable, efficient, dominated and predictable as the same is controlled by the non-human technologies (Ytreberg, 2001). The most interesting aspect in our case is to understand how the tourism is increasing more and more McDonaldized (Ritzer, 1998). If the concept of McDonald is manifested through the society rationality in general terms, Disney could be represented in the tourist industry (Ytreberg, 2001). Ritzer and Liska consider the theme parks of Disney being the key contributor in coming up with McDonaldization principles in the tourism sector (Ritzer, 2007). Therefore, they produced the actual phenomenon such as McDisneyization of the hospitality and tourism industry. The influence creates by the theme park of Disney in the tourism sector as per Ritzer, and Liska had led the McDonaldization in the less part of travel (Ytreberg, 2001). They refer the McDisneyizing in the examples like an amusement park, casinos, cruise ships, and theme parks and they even argue over the fact that tourist attractions increasingly tries to embrace the McDonaldization principles such as predictability, calculability, non-human technologies and efficiency (Ytreberg, 2001). Tipuri (2002) had studied that the Disney theme park case of using the McDonaldization process and discovered it is quite similar. The theme park of Disney is quite efficient and is even handled through numerous visitors (Tipuri, 2002). They had even set cost and packed tour that to certain extent tries to ensure about the visitors to particular calculability level, as the signs try to indicate about how long one could expect to wait at the specific attraction (Bruenderman, 2009). With the weekly or day to day passes that cover up rides going inside the park and the high standards of cleaning including the animal dropping cleaning, visitors often try to avoid all the unpleasant surprises and therefore, the park is entirely predictable (Ritzer, 2002). The accomplishment of technologies in the theme park is various (Tipuri, 2002). The rides and attractions are quite electronic and mechanical, and even the performance of human being are highly controlled by the techniques of non-human like lip synchronizing (Ursell, 2003). Anyone who had visited the theme park of Disney will be reluctant to agree with every component of Bryman analysis (Tipuri, 2002). By the theme parks are rationalized, however, it often seems to appear the inefficient and irrational due to the attractions of a long line (Can-Seng, 2002). The most expensive restaurants often take a risk in making the vacations incalculable and dont mention about all the additional offers of the toys and gifts. It implies that due to the incalculability, the visit might go unpredictable (Tipuri, 2002). As it is worth mentioning that today tourism had moved from the post-modernism to modernism. Although, Najam, Runnalls Halle (2007) consider the package tour for inflexible standardized to get reduced that are in opposition towards the claim of tourism of McDona ldization. Ritzer and Liska find Urry in the context of change through rigid towards flexible, but not package tours. They think that there is a shift in the flexibility level offered in the package tours, who even believe in McDonaldization (Najam, Runnalls Halle, 2007). The reason behind why the tourism fails inflexibility is because most of the vast society are mcDonaldized. The example that is used is related to standardized food, which tries to ensure about the tourist having the familiarity and predictability level (Najam, Runnalls Halle, 2007). It can be easily argued that all the above aspects, which add in the dehumanising tourism character, is the central point of McDonaldization of the industry of tourism and hospitality disagree with the MacCannell that even depict about how the travelling is related with experiencing the unfamiliar as well as new things that are linked to authenticity quest (Najam, Runnalls Halle, 2007). They can argue that the concept of McDonaldization is quite challenging, and the underlying reason is tourism, and its authenticity fails to exist (Erik, 1988). Therefore, McDonaldized tourism often signifies the idea of homogeneity that goes in contrast with the specialized niche tourism, which depicts about diversity (David, 1997). Ritzer and Liska often argue over the fact that more niche tourist items are provided, and still they believe in McDonaldization (Najam, Runnalls Halle, 2007). They had realized that the future exists in whether the industry will be able to spread in the niche markets. They are even highly convinced that people will also continue to visit places and travel within niche markets (MacCannell, 1989). They are even convinced that most of the people will either visit or go to places just for leisure, and yet they try to acknowledge about virtual touring in the context of visiting such as the internet (Najam, Runnalls Halle, 2007). Benefits of McDonaldization There are four factors, which explained the concept of McDonaldization and indicate that this complete process is mainly used for offering the better services as well as quality food (George, 1993). Its mentioned by Robert Samuelson, who is the Economic Columnist that the objectives of the structural business model explain about McDonaldization and even claim that the McDonald is the best restaurant that could easily place the goals of McDonaldization all over the globe (Smart, 1999). Organizations even embraced that the concept of McDonaldization holds various positive impact and customers attain the better options that are in wide range of items and services, such as: A wide range of services and products that are readily made available to the customers along with different options and choices (Benjamin, 1968). Availability of all the favourite items under a single roof (Smart, 1999). Product and service uniformity by the companies that embrace the McDonaldization. Expensive food goods and services that are easily made affordable by people Enhancement in organization efficiency Better quality, service, and enhancement in profits (Smart, 1999). Negative Aspects Differentiation in Culture happens due to the changes taking place within the society, intercommunication between two people, culture or group, and changes taking place in the lifestyle of individuals (McManus, 1994). Cultures often get a change in the context of changes in technology, politics, and ideas. Tourism importantly create influence on the changes that are induced by the contact among the societies of differing cultures. Tourism plays a significant role in transforming the culture (McManus, 1994). As per McManus (1994), tourist are viewed as the medium for bringing change in culture. Widening of cultural components like a drink, ideas, and food that impact the culture is known as diffusion of culture. The cultural elements that get change due to the dissemination of culture are food, languages, music selection and various other (McManus, 1994). As per McNair (1997), demands of customers and requirements are changing continuously due to the pressure for business and for the personal entertainment taking place in the tourism industry, which is becoming day to day part of the person (McNair, 1997). Diffusion of culture is used for the purpose of explaining the few common factors existing among two cultures, but the same is also criticized (Keith, 1999). Although this concept is mainly applied in discussing the culture similarities, the same could be criticized to imply in different cultures for understanding, whether its capable of development or its competent for cultural diffusion (Taylor Lyon, 1995). Although the concept of McDonaldization is mainly used for bringing the two cultures, which hold certain negative aspects related to the theory in the 21st century (John, 1990). McDonaldization supports in improving the cultures in various nations through different cultural components like drink, food, and clothes, but the same can change the country's cultural tradition that impacts the evolution of people mind-set, in which people often try to adapt the new traditions and cultures by dropping the age-old customs and traditions (Taylor Lyon, 1995). As mentioned by Taylor Lyon (1995), the ideas and techniques are mainly used for minimizing the prices and for enhancing the manufacturing industry efficiency, but this method could be highly undesirable for all the service providers (Taylor Lyon, 1995). As per Turner (2006), all the internal problems only try to give birth to all the increasing inefficiencies, such as it provide fast growth to all the fast food restaurants that enhance the health problems of the customers and even impact the environment (Turner, 2006). Ritzer (2004) also adopt issues, which link with quality and services affecting the hotel industry. Ritzer failed in addressing all the adverse impact of American society efficiency, as did by many other scholars. In many articles produced by the business and economics college, professors had claimed that outsource jobs by efficient market had limited the ability of job, skills and performance (Ritzer, 2004). An example of same could be viewed by staff of McDonald, who cook and prepare the food in the assembly line, in which staff is highly limited in the functions of the job. For example, the food dresser implies the food condiment, where else other people tries to wrap and build the food (Schlosser, 2001). In this manner, McDonald works to reduce the responsivities of food, so that staff of restaurant does multi-tasking and even remove the experience of learning through remaining humans at the cost (Roland, 1992). While this seems to appear to be quite active through the formulating process and products into more efficient for all the customers, and the same might leave a negative impact on staff members (Schlosser, 2001). For example, Walmart and Kroger, in which staff holds an opportunity to buy the products at the self-serve kiosk that might affect the employees in a negative way. Jobs that look healthy for individuals could now be easily done by the computers (Schlosser, 2001). It r educes the chances of human errors in the transactions and tries to create the short line, and even make life more efficient for the buyers. It also minimizes the jobs for the people and even limits staff duties (Schlosser, 2001). While consumers and businesses view the positive impact on the modern society, but Bruenderman, who is a professor believe this thing to be contrary (Emiko, 1997). Efficiency had led to fast pace society, in which people can easily attain what they want in less time and that too with fewer efforts (Schlosser, 2001). Although these things make the life quite easier, the same might look negative in the long term. It includes offering the limited opportunities, outsourcing of jobs, providing creativity to staff, and replace the human jobs with the technology. From fast food restaurants, shopping centres, open heart surgery, people in America are accustomed to reside in the fast lane (Schlosser, 2001). Individuals can quickly move to a grocery store for the purpose of microwaveable, food, made to order, frozen or either with the support of efficiency and technology (Mike, 1990). However, the question is what does this implies for the economy and job market? With various jobs that are taken by the computers, robots and outsourcing, this thing had given a boost to McJobs, which implies low-paying jobs, including little skill, which affords not significant advancement in opportunity (Smart, 1999). It creates one question, which affects the efficiency of the future society and individual ability to cope up with the regressing market of the job. While the one who accept the arguments about cultural imperialism often stress over the negative impact of McDonaldization over the local customs, and in this way, we should not forget that the McDonaldized system imperialism comes with numerous advances in the local way of completing the things (Smart, 1999). For instance, in Taipei and Hong Kong, McDonald had invented virtual cleanliness and had even served as the catalyst to improve the conditions of sanitary at various restaurants of the city (Smart, 1999). While one argues in the context of the position related to cultural imperialism in the context of McDonaldization, it is not possible to provide the single generalization, which applies to all the nations. For instance, In Korea, similar to other East Asian countries, there exist long history related to anti-Americanism and there exist a fear among the people of Korea to encroach Americanism and then lost their identity of Korean (Smart, 1999). Therefore, one can try to anticipate about the formidable opposition, but still, McDonaldization had spread in many nations (Smart, 1999). Finally, there exist a significant threat from the existing indigenous culture, but there are many counterexamples, which clearly depict that McDonaldization had contributed to the local traditions revitalization (Arjun, 1996). For instance, fast food restaurants had increased in Taipei, as the same had supported in revealing of traditional food like betel nuts. In the book, Jihad vs. McWorld, written by Benjamin Barber 1995 argues over the point of McWorld Enhancement along with the local fundamentalist movement development (Benjamin, 1995). Conclusion McDonaldization of the society is referred as the theory that is mainly used by various fast food restaurants or organizations for the purpose of offering the globalized and for providing the quality food as well as services. Societies make a change as per the cultural components through making massive changes while adopting the nation culture. It could be viewed that differentiation in culture often occurs due to the reason of cultural homogenisation, in which companies originate through various cultures, and they even try to develop the different nations, which were inherited from different cultures; therefore they bring the changes within the culture in different countries. References Arjun, A. (1996). Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis. Benjamin, B. (1995). Jihad vs. McWorld. New York: Sage. Benjamin, W. (1968). The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction, Illuminations, Arendt, H (ed.) Zohn, H (trans.) London: Free Press Bruenderman, A. (2009). Negative Effects of McDonalization. Gatton Student Research Publication. Gatton College of Business and Economics. University of Kentuky. Bryman, A. (2004).The Disneyization of society. London: Sage. Can-Seng, O. (2002). Cultural tourism and tourism cultures. Denmark: Copenhagen Business School Press David, W. (1997). "McDonald's in Taipei: Hamburgers, Betel Nuts, and National Identity," in Watson ed. Golden Arches East. Emiko, O. (1997). "McDonald's in Japan: Changing Manners and Etiquette," in Watson, d. Golden Arches East Erik, C. (1988). Authenticity and commoditization in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(3), pp. 371-386 George, R. (1993). The McDonaldization of society. Thousand Oaks: Fine Forge Press Hartley, D. (1995). 'The 'McDonaldization' of higher education: Food for thought?'Oxford review of education, 21, pp. 409-423. John, U. (1990). The tourist gaze, leisure and travel in contemporary societies. London: Sage Publications Ltd Keith. T. (1999). "The Moral Malaise of McDonaldization." In Smart, ed. Resisting McDonaldization. Kellner, D. (1999). 'Theorizing/resisting McDonaldization: A multiperspective approach. In Smart, B [ed] Resisting McDonaldization. London: Sage Lockwood, A., Medlik, S., Muller, H. (2001). Tourism and Hospitality in 21st century. Butter-Heinemann MacCannell, D. (1989). The tourist: a new theory of the leisure class. New York: Schocken books Martin, M. J. (1991). Academic libraries as information consumers: Implications for policy making.The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 17 (2), pp. 93-98 McManus, J. (1994). Market Driven Journalism London. New York: Sage McNair, B. (1997). News and Journalism in the UK: A Text Book. London. Routledge Mike, F. (1990). "Introduction." In M. Featherstone d., Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity. London: Sage. Najam, A., Runnalls, D., Halle, M. (2007). Environment and Globalization: Five Propositions. Denmark: International Institute for Sustainable Development O'Neill, J. (1999). 'Have you had your theory today?' In Smart, B [ed] Resisting McDonaldization. London: Sage. Poynter, G. (2002). 'Modules and markets: education and work in the "information age" in Hayes, D and Wynyard, R [eds] The McDonaldization of higher education. USA: Greenwood press. Ritzer, G. (1996). The McDonaldization of Society. Revised ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Pine Forge. Ritzer, G. (1998). 'The Mcdonaldization of American sociology: A metasociological analysis. In Ritzer, G [ed]The McDonaldization thesis. London: Sage. Ritzer, G. (2002). McDonaldization: The Reader. London: Pine Forge/Sage Ritzer, G. (2004).The McDonaldization of society: Revised new century edition. USA: Sage publications. Ritzer, G. (2007). The McDonalization of Society. Retrieved on 30 July 2016, from https://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/17264_Chapter_3.pdf Roland, R. (1992). Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture. London: Sage. Schlosser, E. (2001).Fast food nation. London: Penguin. Smart, B. (1999). Resisting McDonaldization. London: Sage Smart, B. (1999). 'Resisting McDonaldization: Theory, process and critique. In Smart, B [ed] Resisting McDonaldization. London: Sage. Taylor, S., Lyon, P. (1995). 'Paradigm lost: the rise and fall of McDonaldization.'International journal of contemporary hospitality management, 7(2/3), pp. 64-68. Tipuri, D. (2002). Strategic Alliances in Croatian Tourism Industry - New Opportunities and Challenges. Global Tourism and Entrepreneurship in the CEI Region Turner, B. S. (2006). 'McDonaldization: the major criticisms' in Ritzer [ed] McDonaldization: the reader. California: Pine forge press. Ursell, G. (2003). Creating Value and Valuing Creation in Contemporary UK Television: or Dumbing Down the Workforce. Journalism Studies, 4(1), pp. 1-45. Yeganeh, H. (2011). Reviewing The McDonalization of Society by G. Ritzer. University of Minnesota, College of Business. 19 April 2011. Retrieved on 30 July 2016, from https://www.anglohigher.com/key_announce/key_announce_detail/11 Ytreberg, E. (2001). Moving Out of the Inverted Pyramid: Narratives and Descriptions in Television News. Journalism Studies, 2(3), pp. 357-372

To Kill A Mocking Bird By Lee Essays (778 words) -

To Kill A Mocking Bird By Lee Racial categories are created in the film To Kill A Mockingbird through a complex societal hierarchy founded in difference. Although all of Macon county lives in poverty, the town does not unite on the basis of this shared experience, but instead focuses on their differences, both real and imagined, to segregate themselves. The town operates under a general assumption that wealthier whites hold the most power and prestige, followed by poorer whites, while all blacks, regardless of financial station, are considered to be the lowest citizens. General depictions of black men and women in the film are of household servants and ignorant, docile farm workers. The only slight indication that there were any educated blacks in Macon comes from the appearance of the preacher at Tom Robinson's trial. Held on charges of raping and beating a poor, white woman, Mr. Robinson is portrayed as a meek and nearly helpless man. The fact that he can barely speak in his own defense, relays both the idea that black men were uneducated, as well as the idea that blacks were afraid to step over the boundaries of their society. Attics Finch, a kind and fair white lawyer, is the only person to speak up for Mr. Robinson. This demonstrates the idea that the lowly black man needs a benevolent white man to "save" him and direct his life along the right path. Black men and women in the film are unable to make their own decisions. Clearly, there were obvious lines drawn in Macon, delegating specific roles to the various groups of citizens. The dark pigment of Mr. Robinson's skin placed him on the bottom rung of society, forcing him into a subservient position. It is difficult to discern whether the film is attempting to garner sympathy for the oppressed black community, or reinforce stereotypes of ignorant and complacent black men and women. While the initial depictions of the black community center around the Finch's maid, Calpurnia, the respect with which the family treats her is far from the norm. Ranging from the callous indifference of several of the white law-enforcement officers, to the blatant racism of the group of country farmers, much meaning is assumed from difference. The racism of Macon seems to stem from the Southern history of slavery. Blacks continue to be classed as servants, and not equals, to the white townspeople. With no other opportunities available to them, the black workers attempt to make the most out of what they have. They are faced daily with the stigma attached to the color of their skin, a difference which assigns the entire black community an inferior status. Especially evident in the treatment of blacks by the poor, white farmers, is a desire for dominance over the blacks. Bob Ewel, the father of the victim, expresses his distaste by referring to black men as "boy," a term we have seen is weighted by heavy historical significance. This racism most likely stems from the substandard treatment these farmers receive from the wealthier population of Macon. In the blacks, the farmers are looking for a place to vent their own frustration and exert power over another group. The idea of ethnic identity as an illusion opened my eyes to the fallacy of a single identity for every group. Using only the basic elements of family life for example, it is clear to see that the Finch family is very different from the farming Cunningham family, despite the fact that they are both white. This illusion shows up again in the lumping together of all of the black men and women of Macon into a single category, at the expense of any individual identities. Even Tom Robinson, the man held on (false) charges of raping a white woman, is never developed as a character. The audience is left to imagine that he is "just" another poor, black farmer. I chose this film because of the use of difference as a foundation for social hierarchy. Throughout the film, there is much lumping of various ethnic groups. A group identity is favored over the individual identity, and all assumptions are based on the idea that each member of a group shares the same thoughts, values, and identity. Seeing the various episodes of the film through the eyes of the young narrator, Scout Finch, also offered a unique perspective to the film. The questioning eyes of a child are often as critical as any educated outsider looking in on Macon could be. Through this course I have

The Odyssey Quotes Explained

The Odyssey Quotes Explained The Odyssey, an epic poem by Homer, tells the tale of war hero Odysseus and his long journey home to Ithaca after the Trojan War. Odysseus is known for his wit, craft, and cunning, traits he uses to escape danger and eventually return to Ithaca. The quotes that follow contain some of the most important examples of Odysseus cunning, as well as the importance of other key characters and the significance of poetry and storytelling throughout the text. â€Å"Sing to me of the man, Muse, the man of twists and turnsdriven time and again off course, once he had plunderedthe hallowed heights of Troy.Many cities of men he saw and learned their minds,many pains he suffered, heartsick on the open sea,fighting to save his life and bring his comrades home.But he could not save them from disaster, hard as he strove  - the recklessness of their own ways destroyed them all,the blind fools, they devoured the cattle of the Sunand the Sungod wiped from sight the day of their return.Launch out on his story, Muse, daughter of Zeus,start from where you will  - sing for our time too.†(1.1-12) These opening lines provide a brief synopsis of the plot of the poem. The passage begins with an invocation of the muse and a request for the story of the man of twists and turns. As readers, we learn that we are about to hear the tale of Odysseus- â€Å"the man of twists and turns- who went on a long, difficult journey and attempted (but failed) to bring his comrades home.   The unidentified narrator then requests, â€Å"Launch out on his story, Muse, daughter of Zeus, / start from where you will.† Indeed, The Odyssey starts not at the beginning of Odysseus journey but in the middle of the action: 20 years after his initial departure from Ithaca. By jumping forward and backward in time, Homer provides important details at crucial moments without interrupting the narrative flow. â€Å"Odysseus, master of many exploits, praised the singer:I respect you, Demodocus, more than any man alive - surely the Muse has taught you, Zeus’s daughter,or god Apollo himself. How true to life,all too true . . . you sing the Achaeans’ fate,all they did and suffered, all they soldiered through,as if you were there yourself or heard from one who was.But come now, shift your ground. Sing of the wooden horse.Epeus built with Athena’s help, the cunning trap thatgood Odysseus brought one day to the heights of Troy,filled with fighting men who laid the city waste.Sing that for me - true to life as it deserves - and I will tell the world at once how freelythe Muse gave you the gods’ own gift of song.†(8.544-558) In these lines, Odysseus asks the blind bard Demodocus to regale him with his own story- the story of the Trojan War. Odysseus praises Demodocus for his skill as a storyteller, which surely the Muse has taught [him], and his ability to express powerful, true to life emotions and experiences. Later on in this scene, Odysseus himself weeps as he listens to the tale Demodocus tells. This scene offers insight into the performance of epic poems during Homers era. Poetry was considered a divine gift, bestowed upon storytellers by the muses and capable of inspiring powerful emotions. At the same time, poetic activity was also considered a type of rote work, as storytellers had vast repertories of tales that listeners could request. These lines convey the power and importance of storytelling in the world of The Odyssey, which is itself one of the most famous epic poems in world literature. â€Å"So, you ask me the name I’m known by, Cyclops?I will tell you. But you must give me a guest-giftas you’ve promised. Nobody  - that’s my name. Nobody  - so my mother and father call me, all my friends.But he boomed back at me from his ruthless heart,‘Nobody? I’ll eat Nobody last of all his friends  - I’ll eat the others first! That’s my gift to you!†(9.408-14) In this scene, Odysseus uses his wit to escape death by telling the cyclops Polyphemus that his name is â€Å"nobody. After Polyphemus falls asleep, Odysseus and his comrades stab and blind him. Polyphemus cries for help, shouting that Nobodys killing me now by fraud and not by force, but the other Cyclopes misunderstand the statement, believing that Polyphemus is not being killed at all. This scene is representative of Odysseus characteristic trickery. Unlike other classical heroes who overpower their antagonists through brute force, Odysseus uses wordplay and clever schemes to escape danger. The scene is also significant because it provokes the wrath of Polyphemus father Poseidon, who serves as Odysseus primary antagonist for the remainder of his journey. â€Å"Any man - any god who met you - would have to besome champion lying cheat to get past youfor all-round craft and guile! You terrible man,foxy, ingenious, never tired of twists and tricks - so, not even here, on native soil, would you give upthose wily tales that warm the cockles of your heart!Come, enough of this now. We’re both old handsat the arts of intrigue. Here among mortal menyou’re far the best at tactics, spinning yarns,and I am famous among the gods for wisdom,cunning wiles, too.Ah, but you never recognized me, did you?Pallas Athena, daughter of Zeus - who alwaysstands beside you, shields you in every exploit:thanks to me the Phaeacians all embraced you warmly.And now I am here once more, to weave a scheme with youand to hide the treasure-trove Phaeacia’s nobleslavished on you then - I willed it, planned it sowhen you set out for home - and to tell you allthe trials you must suffer in your palace...†(13.329-48) Athena speaks these lines, revealing her identity, after Odysseus has finally returned to the shores of Ithaca. Athena defines herself as Odysseus helper, ally, and protector; as the goddess presiding over intelligent warfare and the crafts, she is eager to â€Å"weave a scheme† in order to get rid of the suitors threatening Odysseus domain over Ithaca. During the reunion, Athena is full of admiration, categorizing both herself and the cunning Odysseus as â€Å"old hands at the arts of intrigue. â€Å"Give the boy the name I tell you now. Just as Ihave come from afar, creating pain for many - men and women across the good green earth - so let his name be Odysseus...the Son of Pain, a name he’ll earn in full.†(19.460-464) These lines, spoken by Odysseus grandfather Autolycus, offer insight into the origins of Odysseus name. We learn that Autolycus named Odysseus when the hero was an infant. The passage includes another example of word play: the name â€Å"Odysseus† is associated with the Greek verb odussomai- to feel anger toward, to rage or hate. True to his own name, Odysseus both causes and experiences pain throughout his travels. Strange man,wary Penelope said. â€Å"I’m not so proud, so scornful,nor am I overwhelmed by your quick change...You look - how well I know - the way he looked,setting sail from Ithaca years agoaboard the long-oared ship.Come, Eurycleia,move the sturdy bedstead out of our bridal chamber - that room the master built with his own hands,Take it out now, sturdy bed that it is,and spread it deep with fleece,blankets and lustrous throws to keep him warm.(23.192-202) At this point in the poem, Penelope has already tricked the suitors by weaving and unweaving Laertes’ funeral shroud, as well as by making them compete in a rigged game of bow and arrows that only Odysseus could win. Now, in these lines, Penelope tests her very own husband. Odysseus has returned to Ithaca, but Penelope does not yet believe that its really him. As a test, she slyly asks the housekeeper Eurycleia to move their marital bed from her chambers. This is an impossible task, as the bed is built out of an olive tree and cannot be moved, and Odysseus immediate reaction confirms to Penelope that he is indeed her husband. This final trial proves not only that Odysseus has returned at last, but also that Penelopes cunning equals that of her husband.

Grand Theft Auto VS The Power-Go-Round Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Grand Theft Auto VS The Power-Go-Round - Essay Example In this case, what Finn is trying to emphasize is the fact that most of the agencies responsible for the monitoring and regulating of video games (in Australia, the Office of Film and Literature Classification), especially on video games with a violent and interactive content, usually fall short in properly classifying games that is to be played and not to be played by the Australian public; given that the game GTA3 has already been generating much sales on the video game playing public, and have already become one of the most popular games played by video game enthusiast before it was banned by the said agency (Finn 2006). The fact here is that the violent game Postal 2 also shared the same experience, and even worse, wherein despite being involved with controversy due to its violent content, even gaining opposition from the American politician Senator Joe Lieberman, who decried in it Congress (Wolpaw 2003), the game was not banned in the United States (although it was banned in oth er countries) (Wolpaw 2003). Another important concept that was revealed by Finn in his essay is the fact that the reason why the Office of Film and Literature Classification actually bans video games is because if the fact that it actually â€Å"exceeded limitations† of how games are going to be classified; that is, according to â€Å"the standards of morality, decency and propriety generally accepted by reasonable adults; the literary, artistic or educational merit (if any) of the publication, film or computer game; the general character of the publication, film or computer game; the persons or class or persons or who amongst whom it is published or intended or likely to be published† (Finn 2006) From the said standards, it can be seen that the game Postal 2 certainly exceeds the limitation of these classificatory descriptions. With regards to the â€Å"the standards of morality, decency and propriety generally accepted by reasonable adults† (Finn 2006), Posta l 2 ultimately fails, given that the game actually shows and encourages players to â€Å"†¦drop-kick grenades and whip scythes at unsuspecting civilians if they refuse to participate in your everyday life story (which is, after all, the plot behind the game). Of course, this includes using cat carcasses as silencers on your gun, hitting people with anthrax-laden cow heads and playing ‘fetch’ with dogs using the severed heads of your dismembered victims† (Chomick n. d.). Of course, such kind of behavior does not pass any standard of morality or decency of reasonable adults, given that such kind of behavior, which expresses and encourages cruelty, murder and defamation are considered totally unreasonable and unacceptable. In no way can drop kicking grenades and whipping scythes to â€Å"

Constructions of cultural memory Research Paper

Constructions of cultural memory - Research Paper Example My research questions are: How is the cultural memory of Tiananmen Square Protests represented in the chosen resources and what are the changes that these memories seem to anticipate and argue for? How does the event continue to make history? Witty and Calhoun both represent the event’s cultural memory by describing some of the most critical turning points of the Tiananmen Square protests, although Witty emphasizes rebellion against autocracy through the Tank Man’s photo, while Calhoun analyzes the actions and thoughts of people who were in the midst of shaping democratic ideals in their own terms. Figure 1: Widener’s Photo of the Tank Man Source: Widener (1989 in Witty) In the article, â€Å"Behind the Scenes: Tank Man of Tiananmen,† Witty uses four photos of the Tank Man to represent different perspectives of the Tiananmen Square Protests, where these images try to underline that this man symbolizes the struggles of all ordinary people against government repression and corruption, but because of lack of violence of some photos, it somehow hides the gruesome effects of the government’s crackdown on the protesters. ... The cultural memory focuses on four tanks that are ready to crush all those who oppose and criticize the state and one man who will not be crushed at all. The light post represents urban space through manifesting technology and modernity. The action of the man against the tanks and the cropped lamp post together signify that non-violent action is light in the darkness because rationality meets irrationality. Standing tall like the lamp post, the Tank Man symbolizes democracy and hope for the people. The photo further shows that the tanks are approaching and one man with his shopping bags stand before them. Like others before him, the Tank Man stands in front of the state’s military tools, a memory which argues that he, as well as other ordinary people like him, will fight for democracy anytime and he will not even need tanks to do it. He only needs his resolve and principles, which hundreds to thousands others already offered when they died the night of the Chinese governmentà ¢â‚¬â„¢s crackdown. The photo argues that the state does not have absolute power because the people have power to fight for what is absolutely right for them- the right to oppose and to replace a corrupt and oppressive government. Furthermore, from Witty’s article, the Tiananmen Square protests continue to make history because it portrays an ordinary man’s greatest act of courage and integrity against symbols of oppression. The photo shows that the Tank Man seems to be an office employee with his white shirt and black pants. He is an ordinary man with two white shopping bags, the image of an urban dweller that the state wants to control. The photo argues that he is one man against the state’s violence, and yet because he has had enough, he will stand for his principles of

Basic Wound Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Basic Wound Care - Essay Example It results when additional pressure interrupts blood flow through the skin. This results in oxygen and nutrient deficiency in the affected skin, which makes it break leading to the formation of the ulcer. Pressure from a hard surface, for instance, wheelchair and bed can cause an ulcer (Dziedzic, 2013). Involuntary muscle movements is another cause besides moisture, which can break down the epidermis. We will focus on old age and terminal disease as some of the risk factors. Individuals, who are old have their skin aging out, which results in loss of elasticity. There is a decline in the blood flow through the skin, which is due to aging effects. Additionally, the amount of fat under the skin decreases as one gets older. All these put together makes the skin vulnerable to damage; hence, an ulcer formation. We will now look at some terminal diseases in patients that can put them at increased risk of pressure ulcers (Qaseem, Humphrey, Forciea, Starkey, & Denberg, 2015). Type one and two diabetes results in increased blood sugar levels, which disrupts the normal flow of blood. In peripheral arterial disease, build-up of fatty substance in arteries hampers blood supply to legs. Heart failure results in reduced blood supply to other parts of the body. Kidney failure results in build-up of harmful toxins, which can cause damage to tissues. Reducing the risk of infection demands regular hand washing, debridement and wound cleansing. Protect the wound from exogenous sources of contamination such as feces (Kifer, 2012). When dressing the wound, clean it using sterile water, topical antiseptic or saline, which reduces the bacterial growth and risk of infection. In cases of foul odor, debridement, and frequent cleansing is necessary. Measurement monitors progress made in the healing process through changes in width, length, volume and area of the wound. Simple measurement technique involves measuring the